이기현 Gi Hyoun Lee

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.01 Vol.8(No.1) 1-27, 2007

This is a serial study of ``Developmental Process of Pro-social Behavior of a Child with Characteristics of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity in the Integrated Kindergarten I and II``, which were written by Lee, Gi Hyoun in 2003 and in 2004. This is a long-term examination of how a child with ADHD in inclusive education interacted with his peers and how his pro-social behaviors changed in 2005-the third year of his participation in inclusive education. By a careful investigation of his long process, this study was made in an ethnographic way in order to find out the possibility and problems of integrating children with ADHD into the normal kindergarten. The child was observed 31 times from March 8, 2005 to December 27, 2005, for 30 to 40 minutes each time. The observations have led to the following results. The child with ADHD showed social interactions in three patterns such as abruptly breaking in other children``s playing, commitment to playing alone, and verbal expression of himself. The child developed pro-social behaviors in the following stages: observance of the rules and verbal expression of himself from March through May; mutual recognition and simple social playing from May through July; complementary reciprocal playing from September through December.

주의력 결핍 및 과잉행동 장애 유아, 친 사회적 행동 발달, 사회적 상호작용, 통합학급, ADHD, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, Pro-social Behavior Development, Social Interaction, Integrated Classroom

강옥려 Ock Ryeo Kang

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.02 Vol.8(No.1) 29-49, 2007

The purpose of this paper was to review the most recent experimental studies conducted to examine the effects of parent training program intervention for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), and to identify research trends and issues appeared in the recent research on educationally relevant intervention. For this purpose, searches of the National Library of Korea and Web-databases were conducted to find studies published from 1990 to 2007 meeting the selection criteria of this paper. At first, 12 studies were selected. However, three studies of 12 had to be excluded because disqualification of children with ADHD, lack of research design, and difference between research title and research questions. Finally, 9 studies were selected for this review. Each study was analyzed according to 5 categories: (a) subjects, (b) research design, (c) independent/dependent variables, dependent measurement, and evaluator, (d) maintenance & generalization, and (e) results. The results indicated that parent training was effective on improving behavioral problems, decreasing the parenting stress of mothers as well as changing parenting attitude. Moreover, the combined treatment of medication and parent training in children with ADHD was the most effective intervention in all aspects. Directions for future research related to parent training program were offered.

주의력 결핍, 과잉행동장애, ADHD, 부모훈련, 병합치료, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Parent Training, Combined Treatment of Medication and Parent Training

이숙정 Suk Jeong Rhie , 이경아 Kyung Ah Lee

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.03 Vol.8(No.1) 51-72, 2007

The purpose of this study was to construct of an interactive model between the web site club-members in cyber space. A club in cyber space has a large anonymous membership in general, so it is in need of specific methodical approach to find out the interactive relations and influences. Based on the grounded theory of Strauss & Corbin(1998), a self help-club in cyber space of parents for children with disabilities(ADHD)in Korea and its interactive styles as coping strategy were analyzed to construct an theoretical model of interaction between their parents. The results showed their interaction started from a causal condition "need help" and "shock" and through the interactions with various forms(encouraging, express their feelings, information etc.), the parents tried to overcome their shock and could accept the handicaps of their children. Furthermore there are another factors, which influence complexly how to build their own coping strategy: 1) contextual conditions (period of membership, the time of writing out and styles of messages) and 2) medial conditions(the quality of information and the types of delivering messages). In the various communicative styles of interaction provides this self-help club for parents 1) security base 2) "agora" for their social-political participation.

장애아 부모, 인터넷 동호회, 근거이론, 대처전략, 상호작용 유형, cyber community, grounded theory, coping strategy, interactive model

김정은 Joung Eun Kim , 강영심 Young Sim Kang , 이미아 Mi A Lee

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.04 Vol.8(No.1) 73-92, 2007

The purpose of this study is to derive personality factor of students with mental retardation by specialities. In order to achieve the first purpose of this study, the delphi techniques was utilized to provide a standardized procedure for collecting data and reaching to a consensus agreement. Three rounds of Delphi questionnaires were designed and conducted. Participants were asked to provide the following inquires Round Ⅰ. state about personality of students with mental retardation. Round Ⅱ. rate participant`` statement about personality of students with mental retardation Round Ⅲ. derive the final consensus agreement about personality of students with mental retardation Twenty-four participants, whose specialties are special education professors, special educators, psychiatrists, parents, clinical pathologists were selected for this study. The finding for this study was composed of 8 factors(76 items) about personality of students with mental retardation. Therefore 8 factors: distractiveness, positive-reaction tendency, outdirectedness, impulsiveness, egocentrism obedience, motional lability, perseveration tendency were extracted.

정신지체 학생, 정신지체 학생의 성격, 델파이 연구, student with mental retardation, personality of mental retardation, Delphi study

문수지 Su Ji Moon , 김유경 Yu Kyung Kim , 석동일 Dong Il Seok

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.05 Vol.8(No.1) 93-107, 2007

The purpose of this study was to speculate on how the association program has an effect on the ability of language, naming of Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) patients and find out the progress of the language ability. Three patients suffering from TBI took part in this study. In order to investigate the effectiveness of program, the ability of language and the ability of naming were accordingly performed and researched on the basis of results before and after the test. Results of this study were as follows; Firstly, the result of K-WAB test showed that individual score of each section and total score were higher than before the test and proved that the program had a positive effect on the progress of the language ability. Secondly, the program demonstrated that it helped all of the subjects to improve their ability of naming. In conclusion, according to the various results of this thesis, the word association program has a positive effect on the TBI patients and help them to improve their language ability.

TBI, 외상성 뇌손상, 연상하기, 언어능력, Traumatic Brain Injury, association program, language ability

정정진 Chung Chin Chung

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.06 Vol.8(No.1) 109-132, 2007

Mainly, the purpose of the current study was to analyze problematic matters on support systems for college students with disabilities offered by their universities. It was based on the results of the study which was conducted by the ministry of education in the year of 2005, ‘The survey on educational support systems for college students with disabilities``. Furthermore the needs in terms of providing support for students with disabilities was discussed. In order to overcome those concerns and limitations several issues were addressed. The following is a list of issues that were need to be addressed. First, the support systems should be implemented in a manner of student-centered. Second, educational programs should be offered especially for students with disabilities. Third, individualized support programs should be provided. Forth, resources should be re-systemized in a better manner. Last, community based approach should be addressed.* Finally, this study suggested that, in order to guarantee the rights of appropriate learning for the students with disabilities, policies on support systems should be set up and financial supports from the government should be provided to those colleges.

대학 장애학생 교육복지지원, 교육지원제도, 개별화지원프로그램, support systems for college students with disabilities, educational support systems, individualized support programs

이해균 Hae Gyun Lee

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.07 Vol.8(No.1) 133-152, 2007

This study intended for the 262 visually impaired students in middle school and senior high school all over the country, carried out survey and are analyzed. The summary are as follows. First, the visually impaired students are more under the stress related with the elements of society, school, self, family and friends in turn. Girl students are more under stress than boy students. And students living in the dormitory are more under stress than those living in home. Second, in the rank of the visually impaired students it appeared that, first, adjustment to school life is highest, second, to school teachers, third, to the environment of school and, finally to the school friend. Overall it appeared that the middle school students are better adjusted to school than the senior high school students and the visually impaired students are better adjusted to school life than low vision students, and the students living in home better adapted to school than those living in dormitory. Third, it appeared that, is the higher stress for the visually handicapped students, the lower the adjustment to school is.

시각장애학생, 스트레스, 학교적응, the Visually Impaired Students, Stress, School Adjustment

이명주 Meung Ju Lee , 안성우 Seong Woo Ahn , 김학진 Hak Jin Kim , 서유경 Yoo Kyung Seo

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.08 Vol.8(No.1) 153-172, 2007

The purpose of this study is to understand the etiology of child developmental disorder in terms of neurology. For that, the study reviewed neurological studies of reading disability, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. At first, in the reading disability, it``s main problem is phonological processing deficit. The important cortical areas that exhibit dysfunction of reading are the left superior temporal gyrus(STG) and the left fusiform. STG is involved in phonological processing, and the fusiform is associated with the automatic process of visual word form perception. Next, ADHD combind type(ADHD/C) is different from ADHD inattention type(ADHD/I) in behaviour characteristics and neurological dysfunction. A number of studies have suggested an inhibitory deficit that is associated with right prefrontal lobe in ADHD/C. In contrast, ADHD/I exhibit sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms. But, the neurological study for ADHD/I is lack. Then, it had reported that language/communication problem of autism spectrum disorder is associated with dysfunction of left temporal lobe, STG, and Broca``s region. In problems of social interaction of autism spectrum disorder, it is shown that the dysfunction of the medial prefrontal lobe, the orbital prefrontal lobe, the fusiform, and the amygdala is associated with them. Finally, the significance and directions of the study was proposed.

읽기장애, ADHD, 자폐스펙트럼 장애, reading disability, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder

김자경 Jakyoung Kim , 김기주 Kiju Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.09 Vol.8(No.1) 173-188, 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify social status and emotional/behavioral functioning among elementary school students with disabilities in the regular classroom setting. 132 subjects in this study are classified into three groups: the popular/accepted group (38 students), the neglected group (53 students), and the rejected group (41 students). The classification is determined on the basis of their classroom teachers`` evaluation. The analysis of the data for each of the five sub-areas (learning problems, interpersonal problems, inappropriate behaviors, unhappiness/depression, and physical symptoms/fears) indicates that significant differences exist in terms of the mean standard scores among the three social status groups.

장애아동, 사회적 지위, 정서/행동특성, 통합교육환경, social status, emotional/behavioral functioning, children with disabilities, inclusive setting, resourceroom

김소연 So Yeun Kim , 정은희 Eun Hee Jeong

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.10 Vol.8(No.1) 189-214, 2007

This study is aimed to seek out effective methods for linking vocational education at special school for students with hearing impairment and employment. For this study, I performed a survey by mailing out questionnaires aimed at teachers who teach vocational curricula in 16 special high schools of 23 special schools for students with hearing impairment nationwide. The results of this study were as fellowing: First, as for the organization and current operation of vocational education at special school for students with hearing impairment, the total 23 vocational curricula were opened and operated in 16 special schools for student with hearing impairment, and most schools did not consider the features of community or realizability in appointing curricula under the pretext of the lack of special teachers for vocational curricula or insufficient related facilities and instruments. Second, in curricula focused on the education selection of high school, it needs to develop curricula irrelevant to the preparatory function for employment in the basic curricular as a way of improving problems in association with vocational education and employment. Third, as for the constitution of a collaborative system between a special school for students with hearing impairment and a special vocational institute that I proposed in this study, a special education institute performs a special technology education for maintaining school functions and solving problems of the lack of experts, facility, and devices.

청각장애, 청각장애학교 직업교육, 청각장애학생의 사회취업, hearing impairment, vocational education at school for students with hearing impairment, employment of students with hearing impairment

여광응 Kwang Eung Yeo

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.11 Vol.8(No.1) 216-235, 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the free token response cost technique on the decrease of maladjustment behaviors as a useful method to solve the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children``s problems and a method easily available in real situations by front line teachers. The specific purposes were as follows;First, to identify the effect of the technique on the ADHD children``s impulsive actions. Second, to identify the effect of the technique on the children``s hyperactive behaviors. The subjects of the study were 2 ADHD who attended elementary school and they were applied to Reversal Design Technique(ABAB). The experiment was total 33 sessions. The results of this research were ; First, the technique had an effect on the decrease of their impulsive behaviors. When this technique was applied, the children``s maladjustment behaviors such as responding when questions were not finished during classes or interfering with other children were decreased. Second,Third, the technique had an effect on the decrease of the children``s hyperactive behaviors. The maladjustment behaviors such as making unsuitable sounds or murmuring continuously were decreased. My suggestions based on the above results were as follows;First, the subjects of the study were required to enlarge in order to expand the application range of behavior correction by the response cost technique. This study was limited to the ADHD children attending at lower elementary school but the subjects should be enlarged to be able to generalize the effect of the technique. Second. the research on whether adjustment behaviors were increased or not by decreasing ADHD children``s maladjustment behaviors should be provided. Third, the reenforcement methods for the variation of target behaviors should be studied in various situations. Fourth, when the response cost technique was applied after considering the relation with their home, their parents always should keep a neutral position in order not to offer preposterous compensation.

무상토큰 반응대가, ADHD아동, 충동성, 과잉행동, Free Token Response Cost Technique, impulsive action, hyperactive behavior

박정란 Jung Ran Park , 이진숙 Jin Sook Lee

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.12 Vol.8(No.1) 235-260, 2007

This study focused on the Deaf children``s having difficulty of comprehension, ability of vocabulary and ability of writing. So it has purposed to figure out how to improve language development of Deaf children``s with the Sign Language a Teachers`` questions on Fairy Tale to facilitate and to indicate the effective teaching method. The subjects of this study consist of 14 Deaf children‘s 11～12 year old dwelling in S & I city and volunteered for this study from September 25, 2006 to November 6, 2006. They were into the experimental group who had time for teacher``s follow-up service to give a summing-up of the sign language a fairy tale to facilitate, use television and the control group who just use television. Scores were analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win 12.0, analysis of t-test to verify hypotheses. The results were as follows: 1. The writing ability(in using numbers of sentence) in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group(p=.000). 2. The writing ability(in using numbers of vocabulary)in using numbers of vocabulary in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group(p=.000). 3. The drawing expression ability in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group(p=.000). Accordingly, teacher``s follow-up service to give a summing-up of the sign language a fairy tale to facilitate would be helpful for the Deaf children``s in the long term.

청각장애아동, 수화동화프로그램 ,언어표현력, 그림어휘력, 문장력, 그림표현력, Deaf children, Fairy Tale Program, Language Development, drawing vocabulary ability, writing comprehension ability, drawing expression ability

정희선 Hee Sun Chung , 신현기 Hyun Ki Shin

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.13 Vol.8(No.1) 261-275, 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the multiple intelligence developmental trait of students with mental retardation. The subjects were 151 students with mental retardation of middle and high school students in special classes within regular schools. Their multiple intelligence(MI) was measured on Korean Version of Multiple Intelligence Developmental Assessment Scale(K-MIDAS) by special class teachers. The major results of this study were as follows;First, there weren``t statistical differences according to sex of students with mental retardation in the all areas of multiple intelligence. Second, there were statistical differences according to age of students with mental retardation in the whole area of Musical intelligence, Spatial intelligence, Linguistic intelligence, Interpersonal intelligence, Intra-personal intelligence, and Naturalist intelligence. Third, there were many score differences between the general high school students group and mental retardation group in the areas of Interpersonal intelligence, Intra-personal intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, Spatial intelligence, and Linguistic intelligence in the results of K-MIDAS. But, there was a little difference between the general high school students group and mental retardation group in the areas of Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and Naturalist intelligence in the results of K-MIDAS. Finally, this study discussed the multiple intelligence developmental trait of students with mental retardation.

다중지능이론, 다중지능 발달 특성, 정신지체학생, K-MIDAS, Multiple Intelligence, Multiple Intelligence Developmental Trait, Students with Mental Retardation

김남순 Nam Soon Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.14 Vol.8(No.1) 277-293, 2007

The importance of special educational policy and the necessity of research herein have been high-lighted due to the expansion of social and public characteristics of education and the unitary. The purposed of this study were to build and develop the theoretical basis on full inclusive education at korea. so this study were analysis of full inclusive education method and philosophy in korea special education. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. As the full inclusive education is generally collaboration with student, parents and school, community. collaboration is the essential feature of inclusive school communities, in which everyone belongs and participates in meaningful activities, affiliations and alliances among community members are facilitated, and mutual support is the norm. 2. school professionals need to become adept at identifying the functions of students`` behavior and developing the curricula and supports to help students learn prosocial ways of getting their needs met. 3. at issue is the entitlement of each child to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, that right cannot be realized unless each child has a successful elementary and secondary school experience. 4. For a successful fully inclusive education, teacher training is necessary. The Korean government established the basic research and planning in special education as one of the policies of special education which meets the social demands of the 21st century for national special educational institutions.

범교육론, 통합교육, 세계도회, 대교수학, special educational, full inclusive education, pampaedia, Didactica Magna

김형일 Hyung Il Kim , 김희규 Hee Gyu Kim , 채희태 Hee Tae Chae

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.15 Vol.8(No.1) 295-314, 2007

The present study surveyed the demands of 120 students of the department of special education and 70 field teachers in order to identify problems in the curriculums of the Department of Special Education and improve the curriculums for educating special teachers based on the opinions of field teachers and students at the Department of Special Education. The improved curriculums are expected to enhance the quality of education for the candidates of special education teachers and practical efficiency in the field of education.

특수교사 양성, 교육과정, 현장실무, Special teacher education, practice-centered curriculums

황복선 Bog Seon Hwang , 민정원 Jung Won Min , 김계전 Kye Jeon Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.16 Vol.8(No.1) 315-337, 2007

In order to produce competent special education teachers, the present study designed to examine the influence of a teacher training practicum program on special education student teachers`` performance competencies by introducing active special education teachers as mentors within a local community and introducing supervisors within a local university. A total of 27 special education student teachers who were sophomore in a department of special education within Choongchung school district served as participants of the study. As results of our survey``s data analysis, we found that (1) after the implementation of the collaborative practicum program connected with active mentors and supervisors within the local community, there were positively significant effects on special education student teachers`` performance competencies including foundation knowledge related on special education, analysis of special education students`` characteristics and instructional strategies, and positive learning environment support; and (2) one sub-item including abilities to maintain confidential communication about students and school related informations, did not show significant effects because the research participants rated high scores on the needs of those skills even before implementing the practicum program. In conclusion, this study discusses practical and political implications for the directions and concerns of practice-based special education teacher preparation program to establish an collaborative teacher training practicum program connected with special school mentors and university supervisors within a local community.

교육실습, 멘토제도, 수퍼바이저제도, 특수교육교사 양성 교육과정, 수행능력, teacher training practicum, mentor system, supervisor system, special education teacher preparation curriculum, performance competencies

강보순 Bo Soon Kang

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.17 Vol.8(No.1) 339-361, 2007

The study was a study on the effect of repeated reading by letters media on the change of reading speed, reading accuracy and reading understanding of a low-vision student, and the result was as follows. First, it was appeared that the reading speed at the time of reading normal letters repeatedly with a magnifying glass increased more than the reading speed at the time of reading big letters. Therefore it was effective for the increase of reading speed of a low-vision student to read normal letters with a magnifying glass. Second, the reading accuracy at the time of reading normal letters repeatedly with a magnifying glass increased more than the reading accuracy at the time of reading big letters repeatedly. Therefore it was effective for the increase of reading accuracy of a low-vision student to read normal letters with a magnifying glass. Third, the reading understanding at the time of reading normal letters repeatedly with a magnifying glass increased more than the reading understanding at the time of reading big letters repeatedly. Therefore it was effective for the increase of reading understanding of a low-vision student to read normal letters with a magnifying glass. This result was appeared that it had an affirmative effect on a voluntary reading activity and reading activity in the daily life and was effective for the increase of the reading efficiency of a low-vision student that a low-vision student read normal letters with a magnifying glass.

문자, 읽기, 저시력 학생, visual impairment, Low Vision, reading

전선옥 Sun Oak Chun , 곽승철 Seung Chul Kwak

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.18 Vol.8(No.1) 363-379, 2007

The emergence from the medical model can be tracked to the early history of disability discourse. Nowadays disability is defined as a condition imposed on individuals by society. The contemporary leading thinkers on disability recognize the significance of abandoning the old view of people with disabilities as abnormal or inferior. Special educational needs also belong to the unalienable human right. That is essential to facilitate and realize the inclusive education in general school, the normalization in education. The principle of Scandinavian Normalization begets the theory of Social Role Valorization in the United States, which focuses on the importance of social value and public imagery of disability. Recently based on the SRV, there begin to appear various studies of disability in the perspective of Humanities, especially on the correlation between the public discourse of disability and cultural text, such as literary text and media. The postmodern interpretation of cultural text transforms the consciousness of people to positively conceptualize disability in terms of democratic human right, through complex feedback system of the knowledge-based information society. In this re-interpretation of The Caretaker by Harold Pinter, the audience become to recognize the reversal of colonial discourse represented by Davies, who is the archetype of Everyman.

통합교육, 장애담론, 인문학, 연극, inclusive education, SRV. disability discourse, Humanities, drama.

박석도 Suk Don Park , 조주현 Joo Hyun Cho , 한상희 Sang Hee Han

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.19 Vol.8(No.1) 381-404, 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction degree of vocational trainees with disabilities. A questionnaire was distributed to 330 trainees who were training in "Vocational Competency Development Center" of "Korea Employment Promotion Agency for the Disabled(KEPAD)". In this study collected data were statistically processed using SPSS 12.0. It is performed frequency analysis to examine the general characteristics of the disabled, crosstabulation analysis(chi-square test) to examine the vocational desire. It is performed factor analysis to verify the reliability and validity of satisfaction factors, analysed using the t-test and one-way ANOVA to verify differences of satisfaction factors according to general affairs. The main results obtained through this study are as follows. First, on the general characteristics of the subjects of the study and the whole training, the trainees were, for the most part, male trainees aged 20～30 with physical disabilities or a brain disease, and it is appeared that training field is partial toward the electrical and mechanical engineering. And, they are mostly participating in the vocational training in purpose of employment. And regarding the route of vocational training participation is introduction of KEPAD and acqaintances, over there Internet, it is interpreted that the portion of voluntary participant with economical reason is gradually increasing. Second, According to analysis`` result of trainee``s vocational desire, they regarded the aptitude as important and expected the full-time regular job, attendance work, pay between a million won and two million won. Third, regarding the satisfaction degree analysis, considering analysis on general affairs, Region classified to training curriculum and training facilities`` factor``s, Jeon-Nam Center appeared to relatively low satisfaction degree comparing to the others. Training facilities`` satisfaction degree classified to training field is appeared to the order of Electronics, Information Technology, Mechanics, the Arts and Design. According to disability type, the results of comparing physical disabilities, brain diseases, hearing impairments, visual impairments which is high frequency, it is generally appeared that satisfaction degree of trainees with visually disabilities is low elatively. In training curriculum classified to age, it is appeared that as it grows old, satisfaction degree is low, in training operation course and training curriculum, below 20 and over 50 age is appeared to low satisfaction degree comparative to 20～30 age.

직업훈련생, 훈련만족도, satisfaction degree, vocational trainees with disabilities

김성애 Sung Ae Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.20 Vol.8(No.1) 405-423, 2007

The study has been carried on finding some possibilities in the view of child-oriented behavior management in special education fields, based on Husserl``s Phenomenology. The questions of the study are followed: first, is the ethics immanent in children with mental retardation? second, can ethics based on Husserl``s Ethics be exposed in the behaviors of children with mental retardation, and the ethics play an important role of decreasing children``s behavior problems? third, how can be teacher``s teaching-attitudes for positive behavior management of children with mental retardation. For the study, 10 cases of children``s activities is selected and analysed at a special teacher``s teaching diary. The result of the study concludes as followed: 1. children with mental retardation expose the ethics on the Husserl``s perspective. That is, The ethics is immanent in the Children 2. For the cultivating their ethics, teacher can accomplish which are, having empathy with children, giving children opportunities for self-determination, and having ethics for teaching children.

후설 현상학, 윤리학, 행동관리, 자기결정, 상호주관성, Husserl`s Ethics, ethics, behavior management, self-determination, inter-subjectivity

김정현 Jung Hyun Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.8.1.21 Vol.8(No.1) 425-441, 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the BAR program on travel error of children with low vision. This study targeted four children with low vision in K school for the blind in Daegu. Children were selected on the recommendation by the school``s homeroom teacher, befitting the study purpose. They were given a prior test on travel level, and their related activities were observed in classes for one month. Thus I determined their travel features and status. Lastly, the children were selected through them and their parents`` agreement. The results of this study are as follows. First, the BAR program was effective in reducing travel error frequencies of children with low vision. In particular, the error frequencies were reduced regardless of diseases and eyesight status. Second, the BAR program was effective in changing travel error types of children with low vision. Of error type changes, error frequencies in collision and intersections were reduced overall, regardless of diseases and eyesight status. However, errors in depth perception and light adaptation were not significantly reduced to children with travel faster.

시각장애, 저시력, 보행, visual impairment, Low Vision, mobility