이해균 Hae Gyun Lee , 은효진 Hyo Jin Eun

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.01 Vol.5(No.3) 1-19, 2004

This study has the purpose of investigating general interpersonal relations disposition of visually impaired students and uncovering some differences ininterpersonal relations disposition, depending on characteristics of visually impaired students such as gender, degree of visual impairments, onset of visual impairments and type of residence. The subjects of this study are 121 of visually impaired middle-school and high-school students in 5 different schools. As a means of measuring interpersonal relations disposition for the visually impaired students, this study has used the Interpersonal Relations Disposition Test that was produced by An, Bum-hee in 1985. The statistical processing of all the collected data through the question is electronically disposed by SPSS Windows(version 10.0) Program. The results are as follows : First, visually impaired students tend to have sympathetic/acceptable disposition, which is the strongest, then independent/responsible disposition, competitive/aggressive disposition, sociable/friendly disposition, exhibitive/narcissistic disposition, rebellious/distrustful disposition and dominant/ascendant disposition. The last disposition seems to be the weakest among them. Second, when the variable is the gender, the female visually impaired students appeared to have a higher sympathetic/acceptable inclination than the male. Third, when the variable is the degree of visual impairments, the students with blind appeared to have a higher competitive/aggressive and rebellious/distrustful inclination than the students with low vision. Also, the students with low vision appeared to have a higher sociable/friendly inclination than the students with blind. Fourth, when the variable is the onset of visual impairments, the advantageous visually impaired students appeared to have a higher dominant/ascendent, independent/responsible and sympathetic/acceptable inclination than the congenital visually impaired students. Fifth, when the variable is the type of residence, the students living in a dormitory appears to have a higher independent/responsible inclination than those who live at home. And the students who live at home appeared to have a higher dominant/ascendant and rebellious/distrustful inclination than the students living in a dormitory.

시각장애학생 ,대인관계, Visually Impaired Students, Interpersonal Relations Disposition

송정은 Joung Eun Song , 여광응 Kwang Eung Yeo , 이영철 Young Chul Lee

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.02 Vol.5(No.3) 21-40, 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the horticultural therapy program effects on vocational achievement by cases. Major conclusions are as follows. The horticultural therapy activity program facilitated vocational accomplishment of students with mental retardation positively. Student A was improved vocational accomplishment on phase 1 and 2 to learn new skills, but he was decreased vocational accomplishment on phase 3 and 4 to review learned skills on phase 1 and 2. Student B was improved prevocational skills continuously, but he was not showed much improvement of vocational attitude. Student C was improved prevocational accomplishment skills and vocational attitude dramatically on phase 2, but she was not showed much prevocational accomplishment and vocational attitude. Student D was not showed the improvement of prevocational accomplishment and vocational skills from phase 1 to phase 4, but she was improved prevocational accomplishment and vocational skills dramatically on phase 5 that was practicing and experiencing to product and sell a complete flower arrangement and bunch of flowers voluntarily. We could know from results of vocational accomplishment that horticultural therapy activity program was not keep ordinal procedure, but it was modified flexibly according to personality and interest of vocational accomplishment of students with mental retardation.

원예치료, 정신지체, 작업수행, 작업전 기능, 작업태도, Horticultural Therapy, Mental Retardation, Vocational Accomplishment, Prevocational Skills, Vocational Attitude

강창욱 Chang Wook Kang , 임정미 Jeong Mi Lim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.03 Vol.5(No.3) 41-71, 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify how to improve reading comprehension ability for children with mental retardation by applying whole language reading program made up of interesting text materials as a tool or learning theme found in everyday life. 3 children with mental retardation attending "E" elementary school situated in "Y" city were the participants for this study. The participants were given language instruction twice a week for 7 weeks, a total of 13 instructions and their improvement of text comprehension ability were carefully observed and recorded in detail. Also portfolio evaluation was conducted for their activities and the results were analyzed and discussed how this reading program affected participants reading ability. Following conclusions were made after the study. First, In text materials found in everyday life, the holistic reading instruction and reconstruction of reading materials to more interesting story showed gradual improvement of their reading comprehension ability. Furthermore, the participants at first, can only find detail information through teacher but gradually, they were able to find on their own. Second, The participants showed poor understanding of the words but through reading practice of text materials found in everyday life, their thought process increased and familiarity of surrounding helped them to find the key sentence to understand their reading.

총체적 언어, 정신지체, 읽기, 읽기 지도, Whole Language, Mental Retardation, Reading, Reading Instruction

한경근 Kyoung-gun Han

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.04 Vol.5(No.3) 73-101, 2004

Students who have severe or multiple disabilities often require more extensive and complex health care in school settings than others due to the nature of their disability condition. Further, their health care service needs have school medical staff and classroom teachers provide them with related services. Providing related health care service should be regarded as a vehicle to guarantee the educational rights of students with such needs as well as a critical practice. The present study, therefore, discuss school health care system for students with severe/multiple disabilities in inclusive schools. The discussion would provide practical suggestions and implications for establishing school-based health care system and for pre-and in-service training for special education teachers as well.

중도, 중복장애, 통합교육, 건강관리, 건강장애, severe disabilities, multiple disabilities, health care, health impairments

조원일 Won-il Cho

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.05 Vol.5(No.3) 103-122, 2004

The purpose of the present study was to clarify social significance of medical care and education at state hospitals for "crippled children" in the United States of America, especially focusing on the number, hospitalization period, age and the cause of disease of patients. Relief from poverty of crippled children was thought to be as the most important admission term, so hospitalization of the incurable or crippled adults who were not likely to self themselves did not be permitted in principle. Education and medical care was two main function of the state hospitals for "crippled children", but there was a marked difference in the original meaning of the former to the latter among them. The main reason why the difference occurred was, in particular at the early 20th century when social condition was in utter confusion such as great outbreak of polio, as to whether each hospital equipped with social resources for educational function.

주립 지체부자유아병원, 입, 퇴원아 동향, 의료, 교육, 사회적 의의, Social Significance, Medical Care in the State Hospital for "Crippled", Hospitalization and Discharge

권순황 Soon-hwang Kwon

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.06 Vol.5(No.3) 123-137, 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher``s service activities and attitude from family environment of residential and itinerant special education students. The subjects of this study were residential and itinerant special education students in Kyungsangnamdo, and the questionnaire was included two contents. One was family environment of residential and itinerant special education students, and the other was teacher``s service activities. In contents of the questionnaire, the family environment included status(information of careers, social-economical status, residential situation), structure(culture, educational needs of careers, communication model, interests of students achievement of careers), and social level, teacher``s teaching activities included attitudes, and degree of teaching technique. The results of this study were as follows; First, structure environment of residential and itinerant special education students had influence to teacher``s attitudes. Second, structure environment and career environment of residential had influence to teacher``s teaching activities.

재택, 순회 교육, 가정환경, 재택, 순회 교사, 재택, 순회 학생, Residential and itinerant special education teacher, Family environment, Teacher`s teaching attitude

이달엽 Dal-yob Lee , 이근민 Kun-min Rhee , 이덕영 Dug-young Lee , 이수철 Soo-cheol Lee , 이승욱 Sung-wook Lee , 임명준 Myung-joon Lim , 김경명 Kyoung-myoung Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.07 Vol.5(No.3) 139-159, 2004

The rights of mobility among persons with physical disabilities to live independently are basic forms of civil rights to move and navigate the community from the place where they leave to the destined intended without having neither any restrictions nor limitations. These rights include the entitlement of public services and the attainment of accessible environmental construction. There are many mobility and transportation measures for the general public, such as public buses, subway trains, vans, etc. However, one of the most convenient transportation measures should be a modified car appropriately maintained. Based on the individual needs of those who have disabilities because of the cost and the trait of persons with disabilities, all the vehicles should be designed and manufactured as possible as can. This research was aimed at investigating the individual needs and traits for modifying a special vehicle designed for persons with mobility impairments. The results of this study, which had purposes to analyze the design concept and the accommodation need for persons with physical disabilities, can be summarized as follows. First, there exists a need to modify a sports utility vehicle for ensuring a space enough to position a wheelchair user. Second, there should be established a consortium among the car manufacturers, consumers and engineers to mass product vehicles modified for wheelchair drivers. Finally, driving schools and licensing offices for persons with special needs should be much more expanded across the nation. Self-driving may greatly enhance the quality of life for disabled persons and improve the opportunity to integrate in the community where they live.

특수차량, 개념설계, 접근권, 이동권, 교통수단, 지체장애인, 자가운전, 출퇴근, 직업재활, 사회통합, special vehicle, conceptual design, accessibility, civil rights, auto driving, commuting, vocational rehabilitation, social integration

옥정달 Jung-dal Ok

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.08 Vol.5(No.3) 161-179, 2004

The purpose of this study is to find out language development and the characteristic of phonological processes on child with language disorders whose parent was deaf. A child(7y 4m) was selected as the subject of this study. We first look at the characteristic of phonological processes on the child and later we compare the omission, addition, and substitution according to his age. We analysed this by using phonological processes table. The results are as following; First, in omissions processes had showed the highest rate middle final omission, middle first omission, syllable omission. Second, in substitutions processes had agreed the preceding study results, but assimilation, tensing, aspiration had agreed or not. A child was going for these results according to a processes pattern of a normal child basically. But this child used sign language, therefore, some processes pattern was different.

청각장애, 음운특성, 음운변동, 청각장애부모, 언어장애, parents deaf, language disorders, phonological processes

이한선 Han-sun Lee , 옥정달 Jung-dal Ok , 김병하 Byung-ha Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.09 Vol.5(No.3) 181-202, 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends and to explore implications for future research in hearing disorders education in Korea. To do this, 173 research papers were selected from four journals related to hearing disorders. The 173 papers were analyzed in terms of method of research, subjects of research, and topics of research. The results of this study were as follows : First, the methodology of researches were varied as the review of survey study, research papers, experimental study and the others. Specially, experimental study is most of all. Secondary, the research subjects were mostly children. Third, the topics of researches were related to speech. Based on this results, we discussed and explore implications for future on hearing disorders education.

청각장애, 연구방법, 연구대상, 연구주제, hearing disorder, methodology of researches, topics of researches, research subjects

양명희 Myoung-hee Yang , 임은미 Eun-mi Lim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.10 Vol.5(No.3) 203-223, 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of class, ``Modern society and understanding of the disabled``, on college students`` attitude to the disabled person. The subjects were J University students who took the class, ``Modern society and understanding of the disabled``. The class consisted of getting important information about disability, discussing about disability issues in our society, experiencing disability, meeting the disabled. The class was performed 32 times for 16 weeks. To examine the effectiveness of the class, Disability Factor Scale was used before and after the semester. The result of this study indicated that the attitudes of the college students about the disabled could be changed positively with the course of ``Modern society and understanding of disabled``.

태도, 장애, 대학생, Attitude, Disability, University Students

김진호 Jin-ho Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.11 Vol.5(No.3) 225-247, 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual state of adult life of special school graduates with developmental disabilities in the transition perspective. Fifty-seven graduates from three special high schools for mental retardation/ developmental disabilities in ChungNam Province were surveyed. The questionnaire consisted of twenty-seven items which belonged to one of the three domains of adult life such as job adjustment, residential adjustment, and social and leisure adjustment. The results were as follow. First, the job adjustment of the graduates with developmental disabilities was negative. Only five percent of the graduates were employed and the types of job the graduates worked were the entry-level ones. Over two-thirds of graduates said that job training programs of special schools were not helpful and about ninety percent of the graduates agreed that the community-based job training was very important for their successful job adjustment. Second, the residential adjustment of graduates was a little better than their job state. However, over a half percent of the graduates were living in institutions for individuals with disabilities. Finally, the social and leisure adjustment of the graduates was not positive because most of the graduates were isolated from their communities.

전환교육, 특수교육결과, 지역사회직업훈련프로그램, 발달장애, 정신지체, 직업적응, 거주적응, Transition, Special education outcomes, community-based job training, Developmental disabilities, Mental retardation, Job adjustment

곽정란 Jeong-ran Kwak , 김병하 Byung-ha Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.12 Vol.5(No.3) 249-263, 2004

The purpose of this study is to discuss the political meaning of the slogan: "Nothing About Us Without US" which disabled people have insisted. Recently, disabled people have developed another disability discourses that emphasizing the disabled peoples`` rights to self-determination and independent living. In brief, it is called "Nothing About Us Without Us". We call it "Jangein dangsaja-juwui" in Korean. The special education or the service for disabled people needs to shift from the profession-centered services to person-centered services.

장애인당사자주의 ,전문가중심주의, 사회 모델, 역량 강화, Nothing About Us Without (Jangein dangsaja-juwui), profession-centered model, social model, empowerment

배성직 Sung-jik Bae , Gary Clark

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.13 Vol.5(No.3) 265-284, 2004

Transition education in Korea is evolving and the expectations for students are changing. Students are expected to be involved in their IEP meetings and transition education actively contributes to make a bridge from school to society for students with disabilities. The role of transition assessment is an ongoing monitoring process on students`` progress and readiness for transition. Reviewing the studies on transition area will provide important implications for developing new programs and planning next transition. To achieve the goal of this study, we analgize three literature review articles on transition issues. Second, we collect and find implications from 13 experimental studies focusing on effects of transition programs and 8 experimental studies focusing on students, parents, and teachers`` perceptions of transition. Finally, we suggest issues and trends of transition assessment for the future and the needs of developing a Korean transition assessment.

진로교육, 전환교육, 전환사정, 전환평가, 중등교육, 학교에서 사회, Career education, Transition, Transition assessment, Transition evaluation, Transition planning, School to work, Secondary education

강종구 Jong-gu Kang , 김정현 Jung-hyun Kim , Dermot Foley

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.14 Vol.5(No.3) 285-300, 2004

The purpose of this study is to rethink of the concepts of learning disabilities appropriate to South Korean situations. This study primarily focus on the situations of South Korea, and it has four parts: 1) Background of special education in South Korea,2) the legitimization of learning disabilities in South Korea, 3) critiques on the importation and applications of learning disabilities in South Korea, and 4) rethinking of the concepts of learning disabilities in South Korea. In this study, we found many South Korean scholars tend to apply learning disabilities in United States into that in South Korea. But we also found many scholars have been rethinking the concepts of learning disabilities and try to reconstruct the concepts of learning disabilities appropriate to South Korea. We suggest South Korean scholars should rethink and apply the concepts of learning disabilities appropriate to South Korean situations.

개념, 학습장애, concept, learning disability

최성규 Sung-kyu Choi , 황석윤 Sun-yoon Hwang

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.15 Vol.5(No.3) 301-322, 2004

Special education is a part of humanity-social science, whereas Mathematics is a part of natural science in the study. However, many students who are studying in University evade the courses related with Mathematics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to illustrate the effects on recognition shift toward Mathematics of students who are studying in the major of special education through the lectures with the necessary of Mathematics as a cultural subject. One hundred and eleven fresh students who are studying in the major of special education for this study. One questionnaire which divided in three parts, the interest on Mathematics, the necessary of Mathematics as cultural subject, and understanding Mathematics for special education. Pre- and post-test was utilized to compare the effects of the lectures which emphasized the necessary and important of Mathematics. The results of this study that (a) the recognition toward the interest of Mathematics of the students is changed to positively; (b) the recognition is changed to positively in the necessary of Mathematics as cultural subject; and (c) the students possess positive recognition toward the necessary Mathematics for special education. Therefore this study concluded that the contents of the lectures which emphasized the necessary of the Mathematics are sufficient to change to the positive recognition from the negative recognition.

특수교육, 수학, 수학교양교과목, 수학 인식, special education, Mathematics, Mathematics as a cultural subject, recognition of Mathematics

최승숙 Seong-sook Choi

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.16 Vol.5(No.3) 323-352, 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers`` perceptions and beliefs regarding co-teaching practices and their preferences for applying particular typesof co-teaching models in inclusive elementary settings. A total of 30 co- teachers engaging in co-teaching were interviewed, and co-taught classes were observed, too. Findings indicated that co-teachers had positive perceptions about and experiences with co-teaching practices. Findings also suggested that although one-teach, one- assist model was most often used with combing other types of models, each co- teaching models had unique benefits and barriers for students and teachers, and the models required different teachers`` knowledge or skills. It was concluded that overall co-teaching practice were effective in providing appropriate support with students with and without disabilities. Further researches are required to validate the effectiveness of co-teaching practice on student outcomes. Implications and recommendations for practice are discussed.

협력교수, 학습장애, 경도장애, 통합교육, 협력교수 모형, co-teaching, inclusion, learning disabilities, mild disabilities, co-teaching models

육주혜 Ju-hye Yook , 남윤석 Yun-sug Nam , 정동일 Dong-il Jeong

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.17 Vol.5(No.3) 353-376, 2004

The Department of Education and Human Resources Development actively initiates an educational structure using technology. However, the policy and governmental actions on educational technology do not always consider students with disabilities. Therefore, the purposes of the study are; (a) to survey special education classes in general schools on technology environment and utilizing status; and (b) to provide suggestions related to governmental support for educational technology in special education classes. The study contents are conditions and utilization of general education technology, teacher/student computers, assistive technology devices, educational software and Internet, and teacher training in special education classes. Overall, teachers in special education classes are aware of the importance of using technology in their lessons but expressed that the technology-related information and financial support from the government are insufficient. Finally, technology support necessary for special education classes is suggested.

특수학급, 특수교육공학, Special Education Classes, Special Education Technology

윤명희 Myoung-hee Yoon , 이승희 Seung-hee Lee

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.18 Vol.5(No.3) 377-395, 2004

The present study aimed to investigate the differences in attitudes toward inclusive education between general high school teachers and technical high school teachers. To do this, a questionnaire, which contained 38 items across 5 categories of 1)concept of integration, 2)professionalism of teachers, 3)academic expectation, 4)behavioral expectation, and 5)obstructive factors of inclusive education, was distributed to 751 teachers from 10 general high schools and 10 technical high schools in a metropolitan city. Data from returned questionnaires were analyzed using t-test to compare attitudes toward inclusive education in two groups of teachers. The analyses revealed that 1)two groups of teachers are generally positive to inclusive education, 2) out of 5 categories, general high school teachers are more positive in fifth category and more negative in second category than technical high school teachers, and 3) out of 38 items, general high school teachers are more positive in item 27, 31, 32, 33 and more negative in item 11, 12, 13, 18 than technical high school teachers. Based on the results, suggested was the need of future research on developing strategies to reflect the results of the present study for successful inclusive education in high school levels.

통합교육, 일반계 고등학교, 실업계 고등학교, 교사태도, inclusive education, general high school, technical high school, teacher attitude

이준석 Joon-suk Yi , 유재연 Jae-yeon Yoo

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.19 Vol.5(No.3) 397-410, 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the theoretical factor structure of adaptive behavior using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with EWHA-VABS (EWHA-Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales). Exploratory factor analysis of subscale variables produces one factor solution. AMOS 5 was used for confirmatory factor analysis. The χ2 tests of fits of one factor model, three factor model to the observed data and χ2 difference tests between one factor model and three factor model were conduced. A ratio of χ2 to df, GFI, AGFI, NFI were used for alternative goodness-of-fit index considering for the possible impact of sample size on χ2 tests. The goodness of fit of one factor model and three factor model to the model reproduced by empirical data were favorable. Three factor model was less parsimonious than one factor model, but the former was more fitted than the latter.

적응행동, 단일요인 모형, 3요인 모형, 확인적 요인분석, adaptive behavior, one factor model, three factor model, confirmatory factor analysis

최연옥 Yeon-ok Choi , 김영일 Young-il Kim

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.20 Vol.5(No.3) 411-430, 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a social skills program on increasing the rate of eye contact behavior of adolescents with mental retardation. This study was conducted following a multiple-baseline design across subjects. Three adolescents with mental retardation were selected to participate in this study. They were all judged by their classroom teachers to show deficiency in eye-contacting with other people. Based on the teachers`` response to a survey about the social situations in which the participants were expected to perform eye-contacting skills, the researcher developed a 12-session social skills program. During each session, instructional strategies such as demonstration, modeling, role-playing, and feedback were used to teach the participants to eye-contact with other people. The dependent variable was the rate of eye contact behaviors observed using a 20-second-interval recording method. A total of four trained observers collected data during baseline, interval, generalization, and maintenance phases. The results showed that the social skills program had positive effects on the participants`` acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of eye contact behavior.

정신지체, 사회적 기술 훈련, 눈맞춤 행동, Mental Retardation, Social Skills Program, Eye contact, Behavioral

이근매 , 오순이

DOI:10.19049/JSPED.5.3.21 Vol.5(No.3) 431-455, 2004

This study was carried out to examine the effect of the fine arts therapy program on the development of visual-perception in order to improve the mentally retarded child``s visual perception who were able to receive education. The specific purposes of the study were as follows; First, to identify the effect of the above program on the 정신지체 child``s visual perception according to sessional activities. Second, to identify the effect of the program on the child``s development of visual perception through evaluation instrument. In order to prove the above purposes, the results of before and after the research utilized DTVP were compared with the effect by applying the fine arts therapy to the mentally retarded child who were capable of learning during total 31 weeks for 50 minutes every 2 times per week from July 5th, 2001 to Oct. 21st. The results of the study were as follows; First, the program had an effect on the child``s visual perception after analyzing the effect according to sessions. Second, there had been some effect on the child``s development of visual perception. The functions of sub-areas such as Visual-motor coordination, perceptual constancy on a formation, perception of position in space and spatial relationships except Figure-ground discrimination were improved. From the above results, it was concluded that the program had a significant effect on the child``s development of visual-perception. This study was limited to one child, so the effect of the program on the other normal and retarded children were not proved. My research suggested a point, line, surface and figure among the components of basic formation to improve the mentally retarded child``s visual-perception development. Various fine arts therapy programs should be developed by applying more sophisticated moulding elements and the principle of basic formation.

기초조형, 미술활동, 교육가능급 정신지체, DTVP, Art Therapy, EMR, Visual-Perception

대구대학교특수교육문제연구소

DOI: Vol.5(No.3) 457-468, 2004